In a case brought by the SEC Division of Enforcement's Crypto Asset and Cyber Unit, the SEC charged three market makers and nine individuals for engaging in schemes to manipulate the markets for various crypto assets being offered and sold to retail investors. The schemes involved wash trading on popular crypto asset trading platforms and using algorithmic trading that generated quadrillions of transactions and billions of dollars of artificial trading volume. The SEC orders noted that defendants violated the antifraud and market manipulation provisions of the securities laws and that certain defendants violated registration provisions. The complaints seek injunctions, officer and director bars against certain defendants, and disgorgement and civil penalties against all defendants, which amounts will be determined by the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts.